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                    常量
            
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                    文本和HTML模板
            
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                    函数
            
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                    函数声明
            
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                    递归
            
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                    函数值
            
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                    可变参数
            
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                    Deferred函数
            
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                    Panic异常
            
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                    Recover捕获异常
            
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                    方法
            
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                    方法声明
            
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                    基于指针对象的方法
            
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                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
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                    方法值和方法表达式
            
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                    示例: Bit数组
            
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                    封装
            
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                    接口
            
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                    接口是合约
            
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                    接口类型
            
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                    实现接口的条件
            
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                    flag.Value接口
            
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                    接口值
            
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                    sort.Interface接口
            
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                    http.Handler接口
            
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                    error接口
            
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                    示例: 表达式求值
            
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                    类型断言
            
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                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
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                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
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                    类型分支
            
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                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
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                    补充几点
            
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                    Goroutines和Channels
            
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                    Goroutines
            
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                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
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                    Channels
            
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                    并发的循环
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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                    基于select的多路复用
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../ch9/ch9.html">
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
            
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                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.6" data-path="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-06.html">
            
                    
                    竞争条件检测
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.7" data-path="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.8" data-path="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-08.html">
            
                    
                    Goroutines和线程
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
                    
                    包和工具
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.1" data-path="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-01.html">
            
                    
                    包简介
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.2" data-path="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-02.html">
            
                    
                    导入路径
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.3" data-path="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-03.html">
            
                    
                    包声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
                    
                    导入声明
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
                    
                    包的匿名导入
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.6" data-path="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-06.html">
            
                    
                    包和命名
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.7" data-path="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch10/ch10-07.html">
            
                    
                    工具
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12" data-path="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                    
                    测试
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                    
                    go test
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                    
                    测试函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.3" data-path="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                    
                    基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.5" data-path="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                    
                    剖析
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.6" data-path="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                    
                    反射
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.3" data-path="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.7" data-path="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.8" data-path="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.9" data-path="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                    
                    底层编程
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.4" data-path="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.5" data-path="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15" data-path="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix.html">
            
                    
                    附录
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.1" data-path="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-a-errata.html">
            
                    
                    附录A：原文勘误
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.2" data-path="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-b-author.html">
            
                    
                    附录B：作者译者
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.3" data-path="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-c-cpoyright.html">
            
                    
                    附录C：译文授权
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.15.4" data-path="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                <a href="../appendix/appendix-d-translations.html">
            
                    
                    附录D：其它语言
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    

    

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                                <h2 id="27-&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;">2.7. &#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;</h2>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5C06;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x4F53;&#x548C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6216;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x8981;&#x5C06;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x548C;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x6DF7;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x8C08;&#x3002;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#xFF1B;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x751F;&#x547D;&#x5468;&#x671F;&#x662F;&#x6307;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x6B64;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x5185;&#x5B83;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x88AB;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#xFF1B;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x65F6;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x53E5;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#x662F;&#x7531;&#x82B1;&#x62EC;&#x5F27;&#x6240;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x7CFB;&#x5217;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x50CF;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x6216;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F53;&#x82B1;&#x62EC;&#x5F27;&#x5305;&#x88F9;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x3002;&#x53E5;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x662F;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x88AB;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x5757;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5757;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x628A;&#x5757;&#xFF08;block&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x5FF5;&#x63A8;&#x5E7F;&#x5230;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x7FA4;&#x7EC4;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x5728;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x5E76;&#x672A;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x82B1;&#x62EC;&#x53F7;&#x5305;&#x88F9;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x79F0;&#x4E4B;&#x4E3A;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x6E90;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6574;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x79F0;&#x4E3A;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#xFF1B;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#xFF1B;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;for&#x3001;if&#x548C;switch&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#xFF1B;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;switch&#x6216;select&#x7684;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#xFF1B;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#x4E5F;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x4E66;&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#xFF08;&#x82B1;&#x62EC;&#x5F27;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x4E86;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x7684;&#x5927;&#x5C0F;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3001;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;int&#x3001;len&#x548C;true&#x7B49;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#xFF08;&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF09;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x6E90;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;tempconv&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x7684;fmt&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x6E90;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x7684;fmt&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x6E90;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5728;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x6E90;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5BFC;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x3002;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;tempconv.CToF&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;c&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#xFF08;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF09;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x6D41;&#x6807;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x662F;break&#x3001;continue&#x6216;goto&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x8DDF;&#x7740;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x79CD;&#x6807;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x540C;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x53EA;&#x8981;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x5C31;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5173;&#x7CFB;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x548C;&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x540C;&#x540D;&#x3002;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x50CF;2.3.3&#x8282;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5C06;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E3A;new&#xFF0C;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684;new&#x662F;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x7269;&#x6781;&#x5FC5;&#x53CD;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x6EE5;&#x7528;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x53EF;&#x91CD;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5F88;&#x96BE;&#x9605;&#x8BFB;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#xFF0C;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4ECE;&#x6700;&#x5185;&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x5411;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x201C;&#x672A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x201D;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8BE5;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5728;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x548C;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x5757;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x5757;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x88AB;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x5C4F;&#x853D;&#x4E86;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x540C;&#x540D;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x88AB;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> f() {}

<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> g = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;g&quot;</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    f := <span class="hljs-string">&quot;f&quot;</span>
    fmt.Println(f) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;f&quot;; local var f shadows package-level func f</span>
    fmt.Println(g) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;g&quot;; package-level var</span>
    fmt.Println(h) <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: undefined: h</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6DF1;&#x5EA6;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5C4F;&#x853D;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x3002;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x5757;&#x662F;if&#x6216;for&#x7B49;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x6D41;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6709;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;x&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x662F;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x98CE;&#x683C;&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    x := <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello!&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(x); i++ {
        x := x[i]
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> x != <span class="hljs-string">&apos;!&apos;</span> {
            x := x + <span class="hljs-string">&apos;A&apos;</span> - <span class="hljs-string">&apos;a&apos;</span>
            fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%c&quot;</span>, x) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;HELLO&quot; (one letter per iteration)</span>
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;<code>x[i]</code>&#x548C;<code>x + &apos;A&apos; - &apos;a&apos;</code>&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x4E2D;&#x90FD;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;x&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x7A0D;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x89E3;&#x91CA;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x4E0E;unicode.ToUpper&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x7B49;&#x4EF7;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x6240;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x90FD;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x5230;&#x7531;&#x82B1;&#x62EC;&#x5F27;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF1B;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x9690;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#x3002;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;for&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF1A;&#x82B1;&#x62EC;&#x5F27;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;for&#x7684;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F53;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x5219;&#x662F;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;i&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x3002;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8FD8;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x548C;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x8FED;&#x4EE3;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF08;<code>i++</code>&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#x4E5F;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F53;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x6709;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;x&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F53;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;for&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5728;for&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F53;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF1B;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5757;&#x662F;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    x := <span class="hljs-string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, x := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> x {
        x := x + <span class="hljs-string">&apos;A&apos;</span> - <span class="hljs-string">&apos;a&apos;</span>
        fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%c&quot;</span>, x) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;HELLO&quot; (one letter per iteration)</span>
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x548C;for&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#xFF0C;if&#x548C;switch&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4F53;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;if-else&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x94FE;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x4E86;x&#x548C;y&#x7684;&#x6709;&#x6548;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> x := f(); x == <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
    fmt.Println(x)
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> y := g(x); x == y {
    fmt.Println(x, y)
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
    fmt.Println(x, y)
}
fmt.Println(x, y) <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: x and y are not visible here</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;if&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;if&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;if&#x4E2D;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x3002;switch&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x4E5F;&#x6709;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x89C4;&#x5219;&#xFF1A;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x662F;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x7684;&#x8BCD;&#x6CD5;&#x57DF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#xFF0C;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5148;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x5B83;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x662F;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x5D4C;&#x5957;&#x6216;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6216;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6216;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x5F15;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x5219;&#x4F1A;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E2D;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> f, err := os.Open(fname); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: unused: f</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
}
f.ReadByte() <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: undefined f</span>
f.Close()    <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: undefined f</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53D8;&#x91CF;f&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x53EA;&#x5728;if&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5185;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5C06;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x5B83;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5C06;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;f&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x63D0;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5728;if&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">f, err := os.Open(fname)
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
}
f.ReadByte()
f.Close()
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5C06;ReadByte&#x548C;Close&#x79FB;&#x52A8;&#x5230;if&#x7684;else&#x5757;&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> f, err := os.Open(fname); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
} <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// f and err are visible here too</span>
    f.ReadByte()
    f.Close()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x8FD9;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x63A8;&#x8350;&#x7684;&#x505A;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;&#x4E60;&#x60EF;&#x662F;&#x5728;if&#x4E2D;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x4E0D;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7F29;&#x8FDB;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x8981;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x77ED;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x57DF;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#xFF0C;&#x8003;&#x8651;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E2D;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x672C;&#x6765;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;os.Getwd&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4ECE;&#x4E3B;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x4E2D;&#x5206;&#x79BB;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#xFF0C;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x662F;&#x5728;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x3002;&#x51FD;&#x6570;log.Fatalf&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x8C03;&#x7528;os.Exit(1)&#x7EC8;&#x6B62;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> cwd <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> init() {
    cwd, err := os.Getwd() <span class="hljs-comment">// compile error: unused: cwd</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatalf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;os.Getwd failed: %v&quot;</span>, err)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x867D;&#x7136;cwd&#x5728;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;<code>:=</code>&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x5C06;cwd&#x548C;err&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E3A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;cwd&#x5C06;&#x5C4F;&#x853D;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x7684;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4F1A;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x66F4;&#x65B0;&#x5305;&#x7EA7;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;cwd&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x4F1A;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x5230;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;cwd&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x8FD9;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5C0F;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x53D8;&#x66F4;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5C40;&#x90E8;cwd&#x7684;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x5931;&#x6548;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> cwd <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> init() {
    cwd, err := os.Getwd() <span class="hljs-comment">// <span class="hljs-doctag">NOTE:</span> wrong!</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatalf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;os.Getwd failed: %v&quot;</span>, err)
    }
    log.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Working directory = %s&quot;</span>, cwd)
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x7684;cwd&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88AB;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x770B;&#x4F3C;&#x6B63;&#x5E38;&#x7684;&#x65E5;&#x5FD7;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x66F4;&#x662F;&#x8BA9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;BUG&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x9690;&#x6666;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6709;&#x8BB8;&#x591A;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x6F5C;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x58F0;&#x660E;err&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;<code>:=</code>&#x7684;&#x7B80;&#x77ED;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> cwd <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> init() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> err error
    cwd, err = os.Getwd()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatalf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;os.Getwd failed: %v&quot;</span>, err)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5305;&#x3001;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3001;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x548C;&#x8BED;&#x53E5;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7AE0;&#x8282;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x63A2;&#x8BA8;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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